Russia History

Historical Background: Early History to 1917

• Early History
  • The Inhabitants of the East European Plain
  • The East Slavs and the Varangians
  • The Golden Age of Kiev
  • The Rise of Regional Centers
  • The Mongol Invasion
• Muscovy
  • The Rise of Muscovy
  • The Evolution of the Russian Aristocracy
  • Ivan IV
  • The Time of Troubles
  • The Romanovs
  • Expansion and Westernization
• Early Imperial Russia
  • Peter the Great and the Russian Empire
  • The Era of Palace Revolutions
  • Imperial Expansion and Maturation: Catherine II
• Ruling the Empire
  • War and Peace, 1796-1825
  • Reaction under Nicholas I
• Transformation of Russia in the Nineteenth Century
  • Economic Developments
  • Reforms and Their Limits, 1855-92
  • Foreign Affairs after the Crimean War
  • The Rise of Revolutionary Movements
  • Witte and Accelerated Industrialization
  • Radical Political Parties Develop
  • Imperialism in Asia and the Russo-Japanese War
• The Last Years of the Autocracy
  • Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1905-07
  • The Stolypin and Kokovtsov Governments
  • Active Balkan Policy, 1906-13
  • Russia at War, 1914-16
  • The Fatal Weakening of Tsarism

Historical Background: 1917 to 1991

• Revolutions and Civil War
  • The February Revolution
  • The Period of Dual Power
  • The Bolshevik Revolution
  • Civil War and War Communism
• The Era of the New Economic Policy
  • Lenin's Leadership
  • Stalin's Rise to Power
  • Foreign Policy, 1921-28
  • Society and Culture in the 1920s
• Transformation and Terror
  • Industrialization and Collectivization
  • The Purges
  • Mobilization of Society
  • Foreign Policy, 1928-39
• The War Years
  • Prelude to War
  • The Great Patriotic War
• Reconstruction and Cold War
  • Reconstruction Years
  • Onset of the Cold War
  • The Death of Stalin
• The Khrushchev Era
  • Collective Leadership and the Rise of Khrushchev
  • Foreign Policy under Khrushchev
  • Khrushchev's Reforms and Fall
• The Brezhnev Era
  • Collective Leadership and the Rise of Brezhnev
  • Foreign Policy of a Superpower
  • The Economy under Brezhnev
  • Culture and the Arts in the 1960s and 1970s
  • The Death of Brezhnev
• The Leadership Transition Period
  • The Andropov Interregnum
  • The Chernenko Interregnum
• The Gorbachev Era
  • Gorbachev's First Year
  • New Thinking: Foreign Policy under Gorbachev
    • Perestroika
    • Glasnost
    • Demokratizatsiya
  • Gorbachev's Reform Dilemma
  • Nationality Ferment
  • The August Coup and Its Aftermath

Credits: Library of Congress Country Studies

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